CSS Transitions

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CSS

Transitions

CSS Transitions

CSS transitions allows you to change property values smoothly, over a given duration.

Mouse over the element below to see a CSS transition effect:

CSS

In this chapter you will learn about the following properties:

  • transition
  • transition-delay
  • transition-duration
  • transition-property
  • transition-timing-function

Browser Support for Transitions

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

Property

transition
26.0
10.0
16.0
6.1
12.1

transition-delay
26.0
10.0
16.0
6.1
12.1

transition-duration
26.0
10.0
16.0
6.1
12.1

transition-property
26.0
10.0
16.0
6.1
12.1

transition-timing-function
26.0
10.0
16.0
6.1
12.1

How to Use CSS Transitions?

To create a transition effect, you must specify two things:

  • the CSS property you want to add an effect to
  • the duration of the effect

Note: If the duration part is not specified, the transition will have no effect, because the default value is 0.

The following example shows a 100px * 100px red <div> element. The <div>
element has also specified a transition effect for the width property, with a duration of 2 seconds:

Example

div
{
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
 
background: red;
  transition: width 2s;
}

The transition effect will start when the specified CSS property (width) changes value.

Now, let us specify a new value for the width property when a user mouses over the <div> element:

Notice that when the cursor mouses out of the element, it will gradually change back to its original style.

Change Several Property Values

The following example adds a transition effect for both the width and height property, with a duration
of 2 seconds for the width and 4 seconds for the height:

Example

div
{
  transition: width 2s, height 4s;
}

Try it Yourself »

Specify the Speed Curve of the Transition

The transition-timing-function property specifies the speed curve of the transition effect.

The transition-timing-function property can have the following values:

  • ease – specifies a transition effect with a slow start, then fast, then end slowly (this is default)
  • linear – specifies a transition effect with the same speed from start to end
  • ease-in – specifies a transition effect with a slow start
  • ease-out – specifies a transition effect with a slow end
  • ease-in-out – specifies a transition effect with a slow start and end
  • cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n) – lets you define your own values in a cubic-bezier function

The following example shows some of the different speed curves that can be used:

Delay the Transition Effect

The transition-delay property specifies a delay (in seconds) for the transition effect.

The following example has a 1 second delay before starting:

Example

div {
 
transition-delay: 1s;
}

Try it Yourself »

Transition + Transformation

The following example adds a transition effect to the transformation:

Example

div {
  transition:
width 2s, height 2s, transform 2s;
}

Try it Yourself »

More Transition Examples

The CSS transition properties can be specified one by one, like this:

Example

div
{
  transition-property: width;
 
transition-duration: 2s;
 
transition-timing-function: linear;
  transition-delay: 1s;
}

Try it Yourself »

or by using the shorthand property transition:

Example

div
{
 
transition: width 2s linear 1s;
}

Try it Yourself »

Test Yourself With Exercises

Exercise:

Add a 2 second transition effect for width changes of the <div> element.

<style>
div {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: red;
  : ;
}

div:hover {
  width: 300px;
}
</style>

<body>
  <div>This is a div</div>
</body>

Start the Exercise

CSS Transition Properties

The following table lists all the CSS transition properties:

Property
Description

transition
A shorthand property for setting the four transition properties into a single property

transition-delay
Specifies a delay (in seconds) for the transition effect

transition-duration
Specifies how many seconds or milliseconds a transition effect takes to complete

transition-property
Specifies the name of the CSS property the transition effect is for

transition-timing-function
Specifies the speed curve of the transition effect

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