string::compare – C++ Reference

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public member function

<string>

string (1)

int compare (const string& str) const;

substrings (2)

int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str) const;
int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str,
             size_t subpos, size_t sublen) const;

c-string (3)

int compare (const char* s) const;
int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const char* s) const;

buffer (4)

int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const char* s, size_t n) const;

string (1)

int compare (const string& str) const noexcept;

substrings (2)

int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str) const;
int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str,
             size_t subpos, size_t sublen) const;

c-string (3)

int compare (const char* s) const;
int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const char* s) const;

buffer (4)

int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const char* s, size_t n) const;

string (1)

int compare (const string& str) const noexcept;

substrings (2)

int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str) const;
int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str,
             size_t subpos, size_t sublen = npos) const;

c-string (3)

int compare (const char* s) const;
int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const char* s) const;

buffer (4)

int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const char* s, size_t n) const;

Compare strings

The compared string is the value of the pos and a len parameters- the substring that begins at its character in position pos and spans len characters.

This string is compared to a comparing string, which is determined by the other arguments passed to the function.

Compares the value of the string object (or a substring) to the sequence of characters specified by its arguments.Theis the value of the string object or -if the signature used has aand aparameters- the substring that begins at its character in positionand spanscharacters.This string is compared to a, which is determined by the other arguments passed to the function.

Parameters

str
Another string object, used entirely (or partially) as the comparing string.
pos
Position of the first character in the compared string.
If this is greater than the string length, it throws out_of_range.
Note: The first character is denoted by a value of 0 (not 1).
len
Length of compared string (if the string is shorter, as many characters as possible).
A value of string::npos indicates all characters until the end of the string.
subpos, sublen
Same as pos and len above, but for the comparing string.
s
Pointer to an array of characters.
If argument n is specified (4), the first n characters in the array are used as the comparing string.
Otherwise (3), a null-terminated sequence is expected: the length of the sequence with the characters to use as comparing string is determined by the first occurrence of a null character.
n
Number of characters to compare.

size_t is an unsigned integral type (the same as member type string::size_type).

is an unsigned integral type (the same as member type).

Return Value

Returns a signed integral indicating the relation between the strings:

valuerelation between compared string and comparing string
0They compare equal
<0Either the value of the first character that does not match is lower in the compared string, or all compared characters match but the compared string is shorter.
>0Either the value of the first character that does not match is greater in the compared string, or all compared characters match but the compared string is longer.

Returns a signed integral indicating the relation between the strings:

Example

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// comparing apples with apples
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main ()
{
  std::string str1 ("green apple");
  std::string str2 ("red apple");

  if (str1.compare(str2) != 0)
    std::cout << str1 << " is not " << str2 << '\n';

  if (str1.compare(6,5,"apple") == 0)
    std::cout << "still, " << str1 << " is an apple\n";

  if (str2.compare(str2.size()-5,5,"apple") == 0)
    std::cout << "and " << str2 << " is also an apple\n";

  if (str1.compare(6,5,str2,4,5) == 0)
    std::cout << "therefore, both are apples\n";

  return 0;
}

Output:

green apple is not red apple
still, green apple is an apple
and red apple is also an apple
therefore, both are apples

Output:

Complexity

Unspecified, but generally up to linear in both the compared and comparing string‘s

Unspecified, but generally up to linear in both theand’s lengths

Iterator validity

No changes.

Data races

The object is accessed.

Exception safety

Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the (1), which is guaranteed to not throw).

If s does not point to an array long enough, it causes undefined behavior.

If pos is greater than the subpos is greater than str‘s

if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the string (except, which is guaranteed to not throw).Ifdoes not point to an array long enough, it causesIfis greater than the string length , or ifis greater than’s length , an out_of_range exception is thrown.

See also

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