HTML

Living Standard — Last Updated

4.10.6

The button element

Element/button

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Yes

Safari

Yes

Chrome

Yes

Opera

Edge

Yes

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Yes

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

HTMLButtonElement

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

12.1+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

5.5+

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

37+

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

12.1+

The button element represents a button labeled by its contents.

The element is a button.

The type attribute
controls the behavior of the button when it is activated. It is an enumerated
attribute. The following table lists the keywords and states for the attribute — the
keywords in the left column map to the states in the cell in the second column on the same row as
the keyword.

Keyword
State
Brief description
submit
Submit Button
Submits the form.
reset
Reset Button
Resets the form.
button
Button
Does nothing.

The missing value default and invalid value default are the Submit Button state.

If the type attribute is in the Submit Button state, the element is specifically a
submit button.

Constraint validation: If the type
attribute is in the Reset Button state or the
Button state, the element is barred from
constraint validation.

A button element element’s activation behavior is:

The form attribute is used to explicitly associate the
button element with its form owner. The name attribute represents the element’s name. The disabled attribute is used to make the control non-interactive and
to prevent its value from being submitted. The formaction,
formenctype, formmethod, , and formtarget attributes are attributes for form
submission.

The attribute can be
used to make submit buttons that do not trigger the constraint validation.

The formaction, formenctype, formmethod, , and formtarget must not be specified if the element’s type attribute is not in the Submit Button state.

The value
attribute gives the element’s value for the purposes of form submission. The element’s value is the value of the element’s value attribute, if there is one, or the empty string
otherwise.

A button (and its value) is only included in the form submission if the button
itself was used to initiate the form submission.

The value
IDL attribute must reflect the content attribute of the same name.

The type IDL
attribute must reflect the content attribute of the same name, limited to only
known values.

The following button is labeled “Show hint” and pops up a dialog box when activated:

<button type=button
        onclick="alert('This 15-20 minute piece was composed by George Gershwin.')">
 Show hint
</button>

4.10.7

The select element

Element/select

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Yes

Chrome

Yes

Opera

Yes

Edge

Yes

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Yes

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Yes

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

Yes

HTMLSelectElement

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

37+

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

10.1+

The select element represents a control for selecting amongst a set of
options.

Attributes/multiple

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Yes

Chrome

Yes

Opera

Edge

Yes

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Yes

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

The multiple
attribute is a boolean attribute. If the attribute is present, then the
select element represents a control for selecting zero or more options
from the list of options. If the attribute is
absent, then the select element represents a control for selecting a
single option from the list of options.

Attributes/size

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Yes

Chrome

Yes

Opera

Edge

Yes

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Yes

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

The size attribute
gives the number of options to show to the user. The size
attribute, if specified, must have a value that is a valid non-negative integer
greater than zero.

The display size of a select element is the
result of applying the rules for parsing non-negative integers to the value of
element’s size attribute, if it has one and parsing it is
successful. If applying those rules to the attribute’s value is not successful, or if the size attribute is absent, then the element’s display size is 4 if the element’s multiple content attribute is present, and 1 otherwise.

The list of options for a select
element consists of all the option element children of the select
element, and all the option element children of all the optgroup element
children of the select element, in tree order.

Attributes/required

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Yes

Chrome

Yes

Opera

Edge

Yes

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

10+

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

The required
attribute is a boolean attribute. When specified, the user will be required to select
a value before submitting the form.

If a select element has a required
attribute specified, does not have a multiple attribute
specified, and has a display size of 1; and if the value of the first option element in the
select element’s list of options (if
any) is the empty string, and that option element’s parent node is the
select element (and not an optgroup element), then that
option is the select element’s placeholder label option.

If a select element has a required
attribute specified, does not have a multiple attribute
specified, and has a display size of 1, then the
select element must have a placeholder label option.

In practice, the requirement stated in the paragraph above can only apply when a
select element does not have a size attribute
with a value greater than 1.

Constraint validation: If the element has its required attribute specified, and either none of the
option elements in the select element’s list of options have their selectedness set to true, or the only
option element in the select element’s list of options with its selectedness set to true is the placeholder label
option, then the element is suffering from being missing.

If the multiple attribute is absent, and the element
is not disabled, then the user agent should allow the
user to pick an option element in its list
of options that is itself not disabled. Upon
this option element being picked (either
through a click, or through unfocusing the element after changing its value, or through a menu command, or through any other mechanism), and before the
relevant user interaction event is queued (e.g. before the
click event), the user agent must set the selectedness of the picked option element
to true, set its dirtiness to true, and then
.

If the multiple attribute is absent, whenever an
option element in the select element’s list of options has its selectedness set to true, and whenever an
option element with its selectedness set to true is added to the
select element’s list of options,
the user agent must set the selectedness of all
the other option elements in its list of
options to false.

If the multiple attribute is absent and the
element’s display size is greater than 1, then the user
agent should also allow the user to request that the option whose selectedness is true, if any, be unselected. Upon this
request being conveyed to the user agent, and before the relevant user interaction event is queued (e.g. before the click event), the user agent must set the selectedness of that option element to
false, set its dirtiness to true, and then
.

The selectedness setting algorithm, given a select element
element, is to run the following steps:

The option HTML element insertion
steps, given insertedNode, are:

If insertedNode’s parent is a select element, or
insertedNode’s parent is an optgroup element whose parent is a
select element, then run that select element’s selectedness
setting algorithm.

The option HTML element removing
steps, given removedNode and oldParent, are:

If oldParent is a select element, or oldParent is an
optgroup element whose parent is a select element, then run that
select element’s selectedness setting algorithm.

If an option element in the list of
options asks for a reset, then run that
select element’s selectedness setting algorithm.

If the multiple attribute is present, and the
element is not disabled, then the user agent should
allow the user to toggle the selectedness of the option elements in
its list of options that are themselves not disabled. Upon such an element being toggled (either through a click, or through a menu command, or any other mechanism), and before the relevant user
interaction event is queued (e.g. before a related click event), the selectedness of the option element must
be changed (from true to false or false to true), the dirtiness of the element must be set to true, and the
user agent must .

When the user agent is to , queue
an element task on the user interaction task source given the select
element to run these steps:

The reset algorithm for select
elements is to go through all the option elements in the element’s list of options, set their selectedness to true if the option
element has a selected attribute, and false otherwise,
set their dirtiness to false, and then have the
option elements ask for a reset.

The form attribute is used to explicitly associate the select element with its form owner.
The name attribute represents the element’s name.
The disabled attribute is used to make the control non-interactive and to prevent its value from being submitted.
The autocomplete attribute controls how the user agent provides autofill behavior.

A select element that is not disabled is
mutable.

The type IDL
attribute, on getting, must return the string “select-one” if the multiple attribute is absent, and the string “select-multiple” if the multiple
attribute is present.

The options IDL attribute must return an
HTMLOptionsCollection rooted at the select node, whose filter matches
the elements in the list of options.

The options collection is also mirrored on the
HTMLSelectElement object. The supported property indices at any instant
are the indices supported by the object returned by the options attribute at that instant.

The length
IDL attribute must return the number of nodes represented by the options collection.
On setting, it must act like the attribute of the same name on the options collection.

The item(index) method must return the value returned
by the method of the same name on the options collection, when invoked with the same argument.

The namedItem(name) method must return the value
returned by the method of the same name on the
options collection, when invoked with the same
argument.

When the user agent is to set the value of a new indexed
property or set the value of an existing indexed property for a
select element, it must instead run the
corresponding algorithm on the select element’s options collection.

Similarly, the add(element, before) method must act
like its namesake method on that same options
collection.

HTMLSelectElement/remove

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

12.1+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

5.5+

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

12.1+

The remove()
method must act like its namesake method on that same options collection when it has arguments, and like its namesake
method on the ChildNode interface implemented by the HTMLSelectElement
ancestor interface Element when it has no arguments.

The selectedOptions IDL attribute must return an
HTMLCollection rooted at the select node, whose filter matches the
elements in the list of options that have their
selectedness set to true.

The selectedIndex IDL attribute, on getting, must
return the index of the first option
element in the list of options in tree
order that has its selectedness set to
true, if any. If there isn’t one, then it must return −1.

On setting, the selectedIndex attribute must set
the selectedness of all the option
elements in the list of options to false, and
then the option element in the list of
options whose index is the given new value, if
any, must have its selectedness set to true and
its dirtiness set to true.

This can result in no element having a selectedness set to true even in the case of the
select element having no multiple
attribute and a display size of 1.

The value
IDL attribute, on getting, must return the value of the
first option element in the list of
options in tree order that has its selectedness set to true, if any. If there isn’t one,
then it must return the empty string.

On setting, the value attribute must set the selectedness of all the option elements
in the list of options to false, and then the
first option element in the list of
options, in tree order, whose value
is equal to the given new value, if any, must have its selectedness set to true and its dirtiness set to true.

This can result in no element having a selectedness set to true even in the case of the
select element having no multiple
attribute and a display size of 1.

The multiple, required, and size IDL attributes must
reflect the respective content attributes of the same name. The size IDL attribute has a default value of zero.

For historical reasons, the default value of the size IDL attribute does not return the actual size used, which, in
the absence of the size content attribute, is either 1 or 4
depending on the presence of the multiple
attribute.

The following example shows how a select element can be used to offer the user
with a set of options from which the user can select a single option. The default option is
preselected.

<p>
 <label for="unittype">Select unit type:</label>
 <select id="unittype" name="unittype">
  <option value="1"> Miner </option>
  <option value="2"> Puffer </option>
  <option value="3" selected> Snipey </option>
  <option value="4"> Max </option>
  <option value="5"> Firebot </option>
 </select>
</p>

When there is no default option, a placeholder can be used instead:

<select name="unittype" required>
 <option value=""> Select unit type </option>
 <option value="1"> Miner </option>
 <option value="2"> Puffer </option>
 <option value="3"> Snipey </option>
 <option value="4"> Max </option>
 <option value="5"> Firebot </option>
</select>

Here, the user is offered a set of options from which they can select any number. By default,
all five options are selected.

<p>
 <label for="allowedunits">Select unit types to enable on this map:</label>
 <select id="allowedunits" name="allowedunits" multiple>
  <option value="1" selected> Miner </option>
  <option value="2" selected> Puffer </option>
  <option value="3" selected> Snipey </option>
  <option value="4" selected> Max </option>
  <option value="5" selected> Firebot </option>
 </select>
</p>

Sometimes, a user has to select one or more items. This example shows such an interface.

<label>
 Select the songs from that you would like on your Act II Mix Tape:
 <select multiple required name="act2">
  <option value="s1">It Sucks to Be Me (Reprise)
  <option value="s2">There is Life Outside Your Apartment
  <option value="s3">The More You Ruv Someone
  <option value="s4">Schadenfreude
  <option value="s5">I Wish I Could Go Back to College
  <option value="s6">The Money Song
  <option value="s7">School for Monsters
  <option value="s8">The Money Song (Reprise)
  <option value="s9">There's a Fine, Fine Line (Reprise)
  <option value="s10">What Do You Do With a B.A. in English? (Reprise)
  <option value="s11">For Now
 </select>
</label>

4.10.8

The datalist element

Element/datalist

Firefox

🔰 4+

Safari

12.1+

Chrome

20+

Opera

9.5+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

10+

Firefox Android

🔰 79+

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

33+

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

HTMLDataListElement

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

12.1+

Chrome

20+

Opera

12.1+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

10+

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

4.4.3+

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

12.1+

The datalist element represents a set of option elements that
represent predefined options for other controls. In the rendering, the datalist
element represents nothing and it, along with its children, should
be hidden.

The datalist element can be used in two ways. In the simplest case, the
datalist element has just option element children.

<label>
 Animal:
 <input name=animal list=animals>
 <datalist id=animals>
  <option value="Cat">
  <option value="Dog">
 </datalist>
</label>

In the more elaborate case, the datalist element can be given contents that are to
be displayed for down-level clients that don’t support datalist. In this case, the
option elements are provided inside a select element inside the
datalist element.

<label>
 Animal:
 <input name=animal list=animals>
</label>
<datalist id=animals>
 <label>
  or select from the list:
  <select name=animal>
   <option value="">
   <option>Cat
   <option>Dog
  </select>
 </label>
</datalist>

The datalist element is hooked up to an input element using the list attribute on the input element.

Each option element that is a descendant of the datalist element,
that is not disabled, and whose value is a string that isn’t the empty string, represents a
suggestion. Each suggestion has a value and a label.

datalist.options: Returns an HTMLCollection of the option elements of the
datalist element.

The options IDL attribute must return an
HTMLCollection rooted at the datalist node, whose filter matches
option elements.

Constraint validation: If an element has a datalist element
ancestor, it is barred from constraint validation.

4.10.9

The optgroup element

Element/optgroup

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Yes

Chrome

Opera

Yes

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

5.5+

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

Yes

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

HTMLOptGroupElement

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

12.1+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

5.5+

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

12.1+

The optgroup element represents a group of option
elements with a common label.

The element’s group of option elements consists of the option
elements that are children of the optgroup element.

When showing option elements in select elements, user agents should
show the option elements of such groups as being related to each other and separate
from other option elements.

Attributes/disabled

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Yes

Chrome

Opera

Yes

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

Yes

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

The disabled attribute is a boolean
attribute and can be used to disable a group
of option elements together.

The label
attribute must be specified. Its value gives the name of the group, for the purposes of the user
interface. User agents should use this attribute’s value when labeling the group of
option elements in a select element.

The disabled and label attributes must
reflect the respective content attributes of the same name.

There is no way to select an optgroup element. Only
option elements can be selected. An optgroup element merely provides a
label for a group of option elements.

The following snippet shows how a set of lessons from three courses could be offered in a
select drop-down widget:

<form action="courseselector.dll" method="get">
 <p>Which course would you like to watch today?
 <p><label>Course:
  <select name="c">
   <optgroup label="8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics">
    <option value="8.01.1">Lecture 01: Powers of Ten
    <option value="8.01.2">Lecture 02: 1D Kinematics
    <option value="8.01.3">Lecture 03: Vectors
   <optgroup label="8.02 Electricity and Magnetism">
    <option value="8.02.1">Lecture 01: What holds our world together?
    <option value="8.02.2">Lecture 02: Electric Field
    <option value="8.02.3">Lecture 03: Electric Flux
   <optgroup label="8.03 Physics III: Vibrations and Waves">
    <option value="8.03.1">Lecture 01: Periodic Phenomenon
    <option value="8.03.2">Lecture 02: Beats
    <option value="8.03.3">Lecture 03: Forced Oscillations with Damping
  </select>
 </label>
 <p><input type=submit value="▶ Play">
</form>

4.10.10

The option element

Element/option

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Yes

Chrome

Opera

Yes

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Yes

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

Yes

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

HTMLOptionElement

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

1.2+

Chrome

Opera

12.1+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

5.5+

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

12.1+

The option element represents an option in a select
element or as part of a list of suggestions in a datalist element.

In certain circumstances described in the definition of the select element, an
option element can be a select element’s placeholder label
option. A placeholder label option does not represent an actual option, but
instead represents a label for the select control.

Attributes/disabled

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Yes

Chrome

Opera

Yes

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Yes

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

Yes

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

The disabled
attribute is a boolean attribute. An option element is disabled if its disabled attribute is present or if it is a child of an
optgroup element whose disabled
attribute is present.

An option element that is disabled must
prevent any click events that are queued on the user interaction task source from being dispatched on the
element.

The label
attribute provides a label for element. The label of an
option element is the value of the label
content attribute, if there is one and its value is not the empty string, or, otherwise, the value
of the element’s text IDL attribute.

The label content attribute, if specified, must not be
empty.

The value
attribute provides a value for element. The value of an
option element is the value of the value
content attribute, if there is one, or, if there is not, the value of the element’s text IDL attribute.

The selected
attribute is a boolean attribute. It represents the default selectedness of the element.

The dirtiness of an option element is
a boolean state, initially false. It controls whether adding or removing the selected content attribute has any effect.

The selectedness of an option
element is a boolean state, initially false. Except where otherwise specified, when the element is
created, its selectedness must be set to true if
the element has a selected attribute. Whenever an
option element’s selected attribute is
added, if its dirtiness is false, its selectedness must be set to true. Whenever an
option element’s selected attribute is
removed, if its dirtiness is false, its
selectedness must be set to false.

The Option() constructor, when called with three
or fewer arguments, overrides the initial state of the selectedness state to always be false even if the third
argument is true (implying that a selected attribute is
to be set). The fourth argument can be used to explicitly set the initial selectedness state when using the constructor.

A select element whose multiple
attribute is not specified must not have more than one descendant option element with
its selected attribute set.

An option element’s index is the number of
option elements that are in the same list of
options but that come before it in tree order. If the option
element is not in a list of options, then the
option element’s index is zero.

option.selected

Returns true if the element is selected, and false otherwise.

Can be set, to override the current state of the element.

option.index

Returns the index of the element in its select element’s options list.

option.form

Returns the element’s form element, if any, or null otherwise.

option.text

Same as textContent, except that spaces are collapsed and script
elements are skipped.

option = new Option([ text [, value [, defaultSelected [, selected ] ] ] ]) HTMLOptionElement/Option Support in all current engines. Firefox 1+ Safari 1.2+ Chrome 1+ Opera 12.1+ Edge 79+ Edge (Legacy) 12+ Internet Explorer 5.5+ Firefox Android ? Safari iOS ? Chrome Android ? WebView Android ? Samsung Internet ? Opera Android 12.1+

Returns a new option element.

The text argument sets the contents of the element.

The value argument sets the value
attribute.

The defaultSelected argument sets the selected attribute.

The selected argument sets whether or not the element is selected. If it is
omitted, even if the defaultSelected argument is true, the element is not
selected.

The disabled IDL attribute must reflect the
content attribute of the same name. The defaultSelected IDL attribute must
reflect the selected content
attribute.

The label
IDL attribute, on getting, if there is a label content
attribute, must return that attribute’s value; otherwise, it must return the element’s label. On setting, the element’s label content attribute must be set to the new value.

The value
IDL attribute, on getting, must return the element’s value. On setting, the element’s value content attribute must be set to the new value.

The selected IDL attribute, on getting, must return true if
the element’s selectedness is true, and false
otherwise. On setting, it must set the element’s selectedness to the new value, set its dirtiness to true, and then cause the element to
ask for a reset.

The index
IDL attribute must return the element’s index.

The text IDL
attribute, on getting, must return the result of stripping and collapsing ASCII whitespace from the concatenation of data of all the Text node descendants of the
option element, in tree order, excluding any that are descendants of
descendants of the option element that are themselves script or
SVG script elements.

The text attribute’s setter must string replace
all with the given value within this element.

The form IDL
attribute’s behavior depends on whether the option element is in a
select element or not. If the option has a select element
as its parent, or has an optgroup element as its parent and that
optgroup element has a select element as its parent, then the form IDL attribute must return the same value as the form IDL attribute on that select element. Otherwise, it
must return null.

A legacy factory function is provided for creating HTMLOptionElement objects (in
addition to the factory methods from DOM such as createElement()): Option(text, value, defaultSelected, selected). When invoked, the legacy factory
function must perform the following steps:

4.10.11

The textarea element

Element/textarea

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Yes

Safari

Yes

Chrome

Yes

Opera

Edge

Yes

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Yes

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Yes

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

HTMLTextAreaElement

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

37+

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

10.1+

The textarea element represents a multiline plain text edit
control for the element’s raw
value. The contents of the control represent the control’s default value.

The raw value of a textarea
control must be initially the empty string.

This element has rendering requirements involving the
bidirectional algorithm.

The readonly attribute is a boolean
attribute used to control whether the text can be edited by the user or not.

In this example, a text control is marked read-only because it represents a read-only
file:

Filename: <code>/etc/bash.bashrc</code>
<textarea name="buffer" readonly>
# System-wide .bashrc file for interactive bash(1) shells.

# To enable the settings / commands in this file for login shells as well,
# this file has to be sourced in /etc/profile.

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
[ -z "$PS1" ] &amp;&amp; return

...</textarea>

Constraint validation: If the readonly attribute is specified on a textarea
element, the element is barred from constraint validation.

A textarea element is mutable if it is
neither disabled nor has a readonly attribute specified.

When a textarea is mutable, its raw value should be editable by the user: the user
agent should allow the user to edit, insert, and remove text, and to insert and remove line breaks
in the form of U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters. Any time the user causes the element’s raw value to change, the user agent must queue an
element task on the user interaction task source given the
textarea element to fire an event named
input at the textarea element, with the bubbles and composed
attributes initialized to true. User agents may wait for a suitable break in the user’s
interaction before queuing the task; for example, a user agent could wait for the user to have not
hit a key for 100ms, so as to only fire the event when the user pauses, instead of continuously
for each keystroke.

A textarea element’s dirty value flag must
be set to true whenever the user interacts with the control in a way that changes the raw value.

The cloning steps for textarea
elements must propagate the raw value and dirty value flag from the node being cloned to the copy.

The children changed steps for textarea elements must, if the
element’s dirty value flag is false, set the element’s
raw value to its child text
content.

The reset algorithm for textarea
elements is to set the dirty value flag back to false, and
set the raw value of element to its child
text content.

When a textarea element is popped off the stack of open elements of
an HTML parser or XML parser, then the user agent must invoke the
element’s reset algorithm.

If the element is mutable, the user agent should allow
the user to change the writing direction of the element, setting it either to a left-to-right
writing direction or a right-to-left writing direction. If the user does so, the user agent must
then run the following steps:

The cols
attribute specifies the expected maximum number of characters per line. If the cols attribute is specified, its value must be a valid
non-negative integer greater than zero. If applying the rules for
parsing non-negative integers to the attribute’s value results in a number greater than
zero, then the element’s character width is that
value; otherwise, it is 20.

The user agent may use the textarea element’s character width as a hint to the user as to how many
characters the server prefers per line (e.g. for visual user agents by making the width of the
control be that many characters). In visual renderings, the user agent should wrap the user’s
input in the rendering so that each line is no wider than this number of characters.

The rows
attribute specifies the number of lines to show. If the rows attribute is specified, its value must be a valid
non-negative integer greater than zero. If applying the rules for
parsing non-negative integers to the attribute’s value results in a number greater than
zero, then the element’s character height is that
value; otherwise, it is 2.

Visual user agents should set the height of the control to the number of lines given by character height.

The wrap
attribute is an enumerated attribute with two keywords and states: the soft keyword
which maps to the Soft state, and the hard keyword
which maps to the Hard state. The missing value default and invalid value default are the Soft state.

The Soft state indicates that the text in the
textarea is not to be wrapped when it is submitted (though it can still be wrapped in
the rendering).

The Hard state indicates that the text in the
textarea is to have newlines added by the user agent so that the text is wrapped when
it is submitted.

If the element’s wrap attribute is in the Hard state, the cols attribute must be specified.

For historical reasons, the element’s value is normalized in three different ways for three
different purposes. The raw value is the value as
it was originally set. It is not normalized. The API
value is the value used in the value IDL
attribute, textLength IDL attribute, and by the
maxlength and minlength content attributes. It is normalized so that line
breaks use U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters. Finally, there is the value, as used in form submission and other processing models in
this specification. It is normalized as for the API
value, and in addition, if necessary given the element’s wrap attribute, additional line breaks are inserted to wrap the
text at the given width.

The algorithm for obtaining
the element’s API value is to return the element’s
raw value, with newlines normalized.

The element’s value is defined to be the element’s API value with the textarea wrapping
transformation applied. The textarea wrapping transformation is the following
algorithm, as applied to a string:

If the element’s wrap attribute is in the Hard state, insert U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters
into the string using an implementation-defined algorithm so that each line has no
more than character width characters. For the
purposes of this requirement, lines are delimited by the start of the string, the end of the
string, and U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters.

The maxlength attribute is a form control maxlength attribute.

If the textarea element has a maximum allowed value length, then the
element’s children must be such that the length of the value of the element’s
descendant text content with newlines
normalized is equal to or less than the element’s maximum allowed value
length.

The minlength attribute is a form control minlength attribute.

The required attribute is a boolean
attribute. When specified, the user will be required to enter a value before submitting the
form.

Constraint validation: If the element has its required attribute specified, and the element is mutable, and the element’s value is the empty string, then the element is suffering
from being missing.

The placeholder attribute represents a short
hint (a word or short phrase) intended to aid the user with data entry when the control has no
value. A hint could be a sample value or a brief description of the expected format.

The placeholder attribute should not be used as
an alternative to a label. For a longer hint or other advisory text, the title attribute is more appropriate.

These mechanisms are very similar but subtly different: the hint given by the
control’s label is shown at all times; the short hint given in the placeholder attribute is shown before the user enters a
value; and the hint in the title attribute is shown when the user
requests further help.

User agents should present this hint to the user when the element’s value is the empty string and the control is not
focused (e.g. by displaying it inside a blank unfocused control). All U+000D CARRIAGE
RETURN U+000A LINE FEED character pairs (CRLF) in the hint, as well as all other U+000D CARRIAGE
RETURN (CR) and U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters in the hint, must be treated as line breaks when
rendering the hint.

If a user agent normally doesn’t show this hint to the user when the control is
focused, then the user agent should nonetheless show the hint for the control if it
was focused as a result of the autofocus attribute, since
in that case the user will not have had an opportunity to examine the control before focusing
it.

The name attribute represents the element’s name.
The dirname attribute controls how the element’s directionality is submitted.
The disabled attribute is used to make the control
non-interactive and to prevent its value from being submitted.
The form attribute is used to explicitly associate the
textarea element with its form owner.
The autocomplete attribute controls how the user agent
provides autofill behavior.

textarea.type

Returns the string “textarea“.

textarea.value

Returns the current value of the element.

Can be set, to change the value.

The cols, placeholder, required, rows, and wrap IDL
attributes must reflect the respective content attributes of the same name. The cols and rows attributes
are limited to only non-negative numbers greater than zero with fallback. The cols IDL attribute’s default value is 20. The rows IDL attribute’s default value is 2. The dirName IDL attribute
must reflect the dirname content attribute. The
maxLength IDL attribute must reflect the
maxlength content attribute, limited to only
non-negative numbers. The minLength IDL attribute must reflect the
minlength content attribute, limited to only
non-negative numbers. The readOnly IDL attribute must reflect the
readonly content attribute.

The type
IDL attribute must return the value “textarea“.

The defaultValue attribute’s getter must return the
element’s child text content.

The defaultValue attribute’s setter must
string replace all with the given value within this element.

The value IDL attribute must, on getting, return the
element’s API value. On setting, it must perform the
following steps:

The textLength IDL attribute must return the
length of the element’s API value.

The , validity, and validationMessage IDL attributes, and the checkValidity(), reportValidity(), and setCustomValidity() methods, are part of the
constraint validation API. The labels IDL
attribute provides a list of the element’s labels. The select(), selectionStart, selectionEnd, selectionDirection, setRangeText(), and setSelectionRange() methods and IDL attributes
expose the element’s text selection. The disabled,
form, and name IDL attributes
are part of the element’s forms API.

Here is an example of a textarea being used for unrestricted free-form text input
in a form:

<p>If you have any comments, please let us know: <textarea cols=80 name=comments></textarea></p>

To specify a maximum length for the comments, one can use the maxlength attribute:

<p>If you have any short comments, please let us know: <textarea cols=80 name=comments maxlength=200></textarea></p>

To give a default value, text can be included inside the element:

<p>If you have any comments, please let us know: <textarea cols=80 name=comments>You rock!</textarea></p>

You can also give a minimum length. Here, a letter needs to be filled out by the user; a
template (which is shorter than the minimum length) is provided, but is insufficient to submit
the form:

<textarea required minlength="500">Dear Madam Speaker,

Regarding your letter dated ...

...

Yours Sincerely,

...</textarea>

A placeholder can be given as well, to suggest the basic form to the user, without providing
an explicit template:

<textarea placeholder="Dear Francine,

They closed the parks this week, so we won't be able to
meet your there. Should we just have dinner?

Love,
Daddy"></textarea>

To have the browser submit the directionality of the element along with the
value, the dirname attribute can be specified:

<p>If you have any comments, please let us know (you may use either English or Hebrew for your comments):
<textarea cols=80 name=comments dirname=comments.dir></textarea></p>

4.10.12

The output element

Element/output

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

10+

Opera

11+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Yes

Chrome Android

Yes

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

HTMLOutputElement

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

5.1+

Chrome

Opera

12.1+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

14+

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

12.1+

The output element represents the result of a calculation performed
by the application, or the result of a user action.

This element can be contrasted with the samp element, which is the
appropriate element for quoting the output of other programs run previously.

Attributes/for

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

10+

Opera

11+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Yes

Chrome Android

Yes

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

The for content
attribute allows an explicit relationship to be made between the result of a calculation and the
elements that represent the values that went into the calculation or that otherwise influenced the
calculation. The for attribute, if specified, must contain a
string consisting of an unordered set of unique space-separated tokens, none of which
are identical to another token and each of which must have the value of an ID of an element in the same tree.

The form attribute is used to explicitly associate the
output element with its form owner. The name attribute represents the element’s name. The output
element is associated with a form so that it can be easily referenced from the event
handlers of form controls; the element’s value itself is not submitted when the form is
submitted.

The element has a default value
override (null or a string). Initially it must be null.

The element’s default value is determined by
the following steps:

If this element’s default value
override is non-null, then return it.
Return this element’s descendant text content.

The reset algorithm for output
elements is to run these steps:

output.value [ = value ]

Returns the element’s current value.

Can be set, to change the value.

output.defaultValue [ = value ]

Returns the element’s current default value.

Can be set, to change the default value.

output.type

Returns the string “output“.

The value
getter steps are to return this’s descendant text content.

The value setter steps are:

The defaultValue getter steps are to return the result
of running this’s default
value.

The defaultValue setter steps are:

The type
getter steps are to return “output“.

The htmlFor IDL attribute must reflect the for content attribute.

A simple calculator could use output for its display of calculated results:

<form onsubmit="return false" oninput="o.value = a.valueAsNumber + b.valueAsNumber">
 <input id=a type=number step=any> +
 <input id=b type=number step=any> =
 <output id=o for="a b"></output>
</form>

In this example, an output element is used to report the results of a calculation performed by a remote
server, as they come in:

<output id="result"></output>
<script>
 var primeSource = new WebSocket('ws://primes.example.net/');
 primeSource.onmessage = function (event) {
   document.getElementById('result').value = event.data;
 }
</script>

4.10.13

The progress element

Element/progress

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

11+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

10+

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

Yes

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

11+

HTMLProgressElement

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

12.1+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

10+

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

12.1+

The progress element represents the completion progress of a task.
The progress is either indeterminate, indicating that progress is being made but that it is not
clear how much more work remains to be done before the task is complete (e.g. because the task is
waiting for a remote host to respond), or the progress is a number in the range zero to a maximum,
giving the fraction of work that has so far been completed.

Attributes/max

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

11+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

10+

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

Yes

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

11+

There are two attributes that determine the current task completion represented by the element.
The value
attribute specifies how much of the task has been completed, and the max attribute specifies how much work
the task requires in total. The units are arbitrary and not specified.

To make a determinate progress bar, add a value attribute with the current progress (either a number from
0.0 to 1.0, or, if the max attribute is specified, a number
from 0 to the value of the max attribute). To make an
indeterminate progress bar, remove the value
attribute.

Authors are encouraged to also include the current value and the maximum value inline as text
inside the element, so that the progress is made available to users of legacy user agents.

Here is a snippet of a web application that shows the progress of some automated task:

<section>
 <h2>Task Progress</h2>
 <p>Progress: <progress id=p max=100><span>0</span>%</progress></p>
 <script>
  var progressBar = document.getElementById('p');
  function updateProgress(newValue) {
    progressBar.value = newValue;
    progressBar.getElementsByTagName('span')[0].textContent = newValue;
  }
 </script>
</section>

(The updateProgress() method in this example would be called by some
other code on the page to update the actual progress bar as the task progressed.)

The value and max attributes, when present, must have values that are valid floating-point numbers. The value attribute, if present, must have a value equal to or
greater than zero, and less than or equal to the value of the max attribute, if present, or 1.0, otherwise. The max attribute, if present, must have a value greater than
zero.

The progress element is the wrong element to use for something that
is just a gauge, as opposed to task progress. For instance, indicating disk space usage using
progress would be inappropriate. Instead, the meter element is available
for such use cases.

User agent requirements: If the value
attribute is omitted, then the progress bar is an indeterminate progress bar. Otherwise, it is a
determinate progress bar.

If the progress bar is a determinate progress bar and the element has a max attribute, the user agent must parse the max attribute’s value according to the rules for parsing
floating-point number values. If this does not result in an error, and if the parsed value
is greater than zero, then the maximum value of the
progress bar is that value. Otherwise, if the element has no max attribute, or if it has one but parsing it resulted in an
error, or if the parsed value was less than or equal to zero, then the maximum value of the progress bar is 1.0.

If the progress bar is a determinate progress bar, user agents must parse the value attribute’s value according to the rules for
parsing floating-point number values. If this does not result in an error and the parsed
value is greater than zero, then the value of the
progress bar is that parsed value. Otherwise, if parsing the value attribute’s value resulted in an error or a number less
than or equal to zero, then the value of the progress
bar is zero.

If the progress bar is a determinate progress bar, then the current value is the maximum value, if value is greater than the maximum value, and value otherwise.

UA requirements for showing the progress bar: When representing a
progress element to the user, the UA should indicate whether it is a determinate or
indeterminate progress bar, and in the former case, should indicate the relative position of the
current value relative to the maximum value.

progress.position

For a determinate progress bar (one with known current and maximum values), returns the
result of dividing the current value by the maximum value.

For an indeterminate progress bar, returns −1.

If the progress bar is an indeterminate progress bar, then the position IDL attribute
must return −1. Otherwise, it must return the result of dividing the current value by the maximum value.

If the progress bar is an indeterminate progress bar, then the value IDL attribute, on
getting, must return 0. Otherwise, it must return the current value. On setting, the given value must be
converted to the best representation of the number as a floating-point number and
then the value content attribute must be set to that
string.

Setting the value IDL attribute to itself
when the corresponding content attribute is absent would change the progress bar from an
indeterminate progress bar to a determinate progress bar with no progress.

The max
IDL attribute must reflect the content attribute of the same name, limited to
numbers greater than zero. The default value for max
is 1.0.

The labels IDL attribute provides a list of the element’s
labels.

4.10.14

The meter element

Element/meter

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

16+

Safari

Chrome

Opera

11+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

10.3+

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

11+

HTMLMeterElement

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

16+

Safari

Chrome

Opera

11+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

11+

The meter element represents a scalar measurement within a known
range, or a fractional value; for example disk usage, the relevance of a query result, or the
fraction of a voting population to have selected a particular candidate.

This is also known as a gauge.

The meter element should not be used to indicate progress (as in a progress bar).
For that role, HTML provides a separate progress element.

The meter element also does not represent a scalar value of arbitrary
range — for example, it would be wrong to use this to report a weight, or height, unless
there is a known maximum value.

There are six attributes that determine the semantics of the gauge represented by the
element.

Attributes/max

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

16+

Safari

Chrome

Opera

11+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

10.3+

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

11+

Attributes/min

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

16+

Safari

Chrome

Opera

11+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

10.3+

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

11+

The min attribute
specifies the lower bound of the range, and the max attribute specifies the upper bound. The value attribute specifies
the value to have the gauge indicate as the “measured” value.

The other three attributes can be used to segment the gauge’s range into “low”, “medium”, and
“high” parts, and to indicate which part of the gauge is the “optimum” part. The low attribute specifies the range that is
considered to be the “low” part, and the high attribute specifies the range that is considered to be
the “high” part. The optimum attribute gives the position that is “optimum”;
if that is higher than the “high” value then this indicates that the higher the value, the better;
if it’s lower than the “low” mark then it indicates that lower values are better, and naturally if
it is in between then it indicates that neither high nor low values are good.

Authoring requirements: The value attribute must be specified. The value, min, low, high, max, and optimum attributes,
when present, must have values that are valid
floating-point numbers.

In addition, the attributes’ values are further constrained:

Let value be the value attribute’s
number.

If the min attribute is specified, then let minimum be that attribute’s value; otherwise, let it be zero.

If the max attribute is specified, then let maximum be that attribute’s value; otherwise, let it be 1.0.

The following inequalities must hold, as applicable:

minimum ≤ value ≤ maximum
minimum ≤ low ≤ maximum (if low is specified)
minimum ≤ high ≤ maximum (if high is specified)
minimum ≤ optimum ≤ maximum (if optimum is specified)
low ≤ high (if
both low and high are
specified)

If no minimum or maximum is specified, then the range is assumed to be 0..1, and
the value thus has to be within that range.

Authors are encouraged to include a textual representation of the gauge’s state in the
element’s contents, for users of user agents that do not support the meter
element.

When used with microdata, the meter element’s value attribute provides the element’s machine-readable value.

The following examples show three gauges that would all be three-quarters full:

Storage space usage: <meter value=6 max=8>6 blocks used (out of 8 total)</meter>

Voter turnout: <meter value=0.75><img alt="75%" src="graph75.png"></meter>

Tickets sold: <meter min="0" max="100" value="75"></meter>

The following example is incorrect use of the element, because it doesn’t give a range (and
since the default maximum is 1, both of the gauges would end up looking maxed out):

<p>The grapefruit pie had a radius of <meter value=12>12cm</meter>
and a height of <meter value=2>2cm</meter>.</p> <!-- BAD! -->

Instead, one would either not include the meter element, or use the meter element with a
defined range to give the dimensions in context compared to other pies:

<p>The grapefruit pie had a radius of 12cm and a height of
2cm.</p>
<dl>
 <dt>Radius: <dd> <meter min=0 max=20 value=12>12cm</meter>
 <dt>Height: <dd> <meter min=0 max=10 value=2>2cm</meter>
</dl>

There is no explicit way to specify units in the meter element, but the units may
be specified in the title attribute in free-form text.

The example above could be extended to mention the units:

<dl>
 <dt>Radius: <dd> <meter min=0 max=20 value=12 title="centimeters">12cm</meter>
 <dt>Height: <dd> <meter min=0 max=10 value=2 title="centimeters">2cm</meter>
</dl>

User agent requirements: User agents must parse the min, max, value, low, high, and optimum
attributes using the rules for parsing floating-point number values.

User agents must then use all these numbers to obtain values for six points on the gauge, as
follows. (The order in which these are evaluated is important, as some of the values refer to
earlier ones.)

The minimum value

If the min attribute is specified and a value could be
parsed out of it, then the minimum value is that value. Otherwise, the minimum value is
zero.

The maximum value

If the max attribute is specified and a value could be
parsed out of it, then the candidate maximum value is that value. Otherwise, the candidate
maximum value is 1.0.

If the candidate maximum value is greater than or equal to the minimum value, then the
maximum value is the candidate maximum value. Otherwise, the maximum value is the same as the
minimum value.

The actual value

If the value attribute is specified and a value could
be parsed out of it, then that value is the candidate actual value. Otherwise, the candidate
actual value is zero.

If the candidate actual value is less than the minimum value, then the actual value is the
minimum value.

Otherwise, if the candidate actual value is greater than the maximum value, then the actual
value is the maximum value.

Otherwise, the actual value is the candidate actual value.

The low boundary

If the low attribute is specified and a value could be
parsed out of it, then the candidate low boundary is that value. Otherwise, the candidate low
boundary is the same as the minimum value.

If the candidate low boundary is less than the minimum value, then the low boundary is the
minimum value.

Otherwise, if the candidate low boundary is greater than the maximum value, then the low
boundary is the maximum value.

Otherwise, the low boundary is the candidate low boundary.

The high boundary

If the high attribute is specified and a value could be
parsed out of it, then the candidate high boundary is that value. Otherwise, the candidate high
boundary is the same as the maximum value.

If the candidate high boundary is less than the low boundary, then the high boundary is the
low boundary.

Otherwise, if the candidate high boundary is greater than the maximum value, then the high
boundary is the maximum value.

Otherwise, the high boundary is the candidate high boundary.

The optimum point

If the optimum attribute is specified and a value
could be parsed out of it, then the candidate optimum point is that value. Otherwise, the
candidate optimum point is the midpoint between the minimum value and the maximum value.

If the candidate optimum point is less than the minimum value, then the optimum point is the
minimum value.

Otherwise, if the candidate optimum point is greater than the maximum value, then the optimum
point is the maximum value.

Otherwise, the optimum point is the candidate optimum point.

All of which will result in the following inequalities all being true:

minimum value ≤ actual value ≤ maximum value
minimum value ≤ low boundary ≤ high boundary ≤ maximum value
minimum value ≤ optimum point ≤ maximum value

UA requirements for regions of the gauge: If the optimum point is equal to the
low boundary or the high boundary, or anywhere in between them, then the region between the low
and high boundaries of the gauge must be treated as the optimum region, and the low and high
parts, if any, must be treated as suboptimal. Otherwise, if the optimum point is less than the low
boundary, then the region between the minimum value and the low boundary must be treated as the
optimum region, the region from the low boundary up to the high boundary must be treated as a
suboptimal region, and the remaining region must be treated as an even less good region. Finally,
if the optimum point is higher than the high boundary, then the situation is reversed; the region
between the high boundary and the maximum value must be treated as the optimum region, the region
from the high boundary down to the low boundary must be treated as a suboptimal region, and the
remaining region must be treated as an even less good region.

UA requirements for showing the gauge: When representing a meter
element to the user, the UA should indicate the relative position of the actual value to the
minimum and maximum values, and the relationship between the actual value and the three regions of
the gauge.

The following markup:

<h3>Suggested groups</h3>
<menu>
 <li><a href="?cmd=hsg" onclick="hideSuggestedGroups()">Hide suggested groups</a></li>
</menu>
<ul>
 <li>
  <p><a href="/group/comp.infosystems.www.authoring.stylesheets/view">comp.infosystems.www.authoring.stylesheets</a> -
     <a href="/group/comp.infosystems.www.authoring.stylesheets/subscribe">join</a></p>
  <p>Group description: <strong>Layout/presentation on the WWW.</strong></p>
  <p><meter value="0.5">Moderate activity,</meter> Usenet, 618 subscribers</p>
 </li>
 <li>
  <p><a href="/group/netscape.public.mozilla.xpinstall/view">netscape.public.mozilla.xpinstall</a> -
     <a href="/group/netscape.public.mozilla.xpinstall/subscribe">join</a></p>
  <p>Group description: <strong>Mozilla XPInstall discussion.</strong></p>
  <p><meter value="0.25">Low activity,</meter> Usenet, 22 subscribers</p>
 </li>
 <li>
  <p><a href="/group/mozilla.dev.general/view">mozilla.dev.general</a> -
     <a href="/group/mozilla.dev.general/subscribe">join</a></p>
  <p><meter value="0.25">Low activity,</meter> Usenet, 66 subscribers</p>
 </li>
</ul>

Might be rendered as follows:

With the <meter> elements rendered as inline green bars of varying lengths.

User agents may combine the value of the title attribute and the other attributes to provide context-sensitive
help or inline text detailing the actual values.

For example, the following snippet:

<meter min=0 max=60 value=23.2 title=seconds></meter>

…might cause the user agent to display a gauge with a tooltip
saying “Value: 23.2 out of 60.” on one line and “seconds” on a
second line.

The value IDL
attribute, on getting, must return the actual value. On
setting, the given value must be converted to the best representation of the number as a
floating-point number and then the value content
attribute must be set to that string.

The min IDL
attribute, on getting, must return the minimum value.
On setting, the given value must be converted to the best representation of the number as a
floating-point number and then the min content
attribute must be set to that string.

The max IDL
attribute, on getting, must return the maximum value.
On setting, the given value must be converted to the best representation of the number as a
floating-point number and then the max content
attribute must be set to that string.

The low IDL
attribute, on getting, must return the low boundary. On
setting, the given value must be converted to the best representation of the number as a
floating-point number and then the low content
attribute must be set to that string.

The high IDL
attribute, on getting, must return the high boundary. On
setting, the given value must be converted to the best representation of the number as a
floating-point number and then the high content
attribute must be set to that string.

The optimum
IDL attribute, on getting, must return the optimum
value. On setting, the given value must be converted to the best representation of
the number as a floating-point number and then the optimum content attribute must be set to that string.

The labels IDL attribute provides a list of the element’s
labels.

The following example shows how a gauge could fall back to localized or pretty-printed
text.

<p>Disk usage: <meter min=0 value=170261928 max=233257824>170 261 928 bytes used
out of 233 257 824 bytes available</meter></p>

4.10.15

The fieldset element

Element/fieldset

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Yes

Safari

Yes

Chrome

Yes

Opera

Edge

Yes

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Yes

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

HTMLFieldSetElement

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

12.1+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

5.5+

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

12.1+

The fieldset element represents a set of form controls (or other
content) grouped together, optionally with a caption. The caption is given by the first
legend element that is a child of the fieldset element, if any. The
remainder of the descendants form the group.

Element/fieldset#attr-disabled

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Yes

Safari

Chrome

Yes

Opera

12+

Edge

Yes

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Yes

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

4.4+

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

The disabled attribute, when specified, causes all the
form control descendants of the fieldset element, excluding those that are
descendants of the fieldset element’s first legend element child, if
any, to be disabled.

A fieldset element is a disabled
fieldset if it matches any of the following conditions:

Its disabled attribute is specified
It is a descendant of another fieldset element whose disabled attribute is specified, and is not a
descendant of that fieldset element’s first legend element child, if
any.

The form attribute is used to explicitly associate the
fieldset element with its form owner. The name attribute represents the element’s name.

fieldset.type: Returns the string “fieldset”.
fieldset.elements: Returns an HTMLCollection of the form controls in the element.

The disabled IDL attribute must reflect the
content attribute of the same name.

The type
IDL attribute must return the string “fieldset“.

The elements IDL attribute must return an
HTMLCollection rooted at the fieldset element, whose filter matches
listed elements.

The , validity, and validationMessage attributes, and the checkValidity(), reportValidity(), and setCustomValidity() methods, are part of the
constraint validation API. The form and name IDL attributes are part of the element’s forms API.

This example shows a fieldset element being used to group a set of related
controls:

<fieldset>
 <legend>Display</legend>
 <p><label><input type=radio name=c value=0 checked> Black on White</label>
 <p><label><input type=radio name=c value=1> White on Black</label>
 <p><label><input type=checkbox name=g> Use grayscale</label>
 <p><label>Enhance contrast <input type=range name=e list=contrast min=0 max=100 value=0 step=1></label>
 <datalist id=contrast>
  <option label=Normal value=0>
  <option label=Maximum value=100>
 </datalist>
</fieldset>

The following snippet shows a fieldset with a checkbox in the legend that controls whether or
not the fieldset is enabled. The contents of the fieldset consist of two required text controls
and an optional year/month control.

<fieldset name="clubfields" disabled>
 <legend> <label>
  <input type=checkbox name=club onchange="form.clubfields.disabled = !checked">
  Use Club Card
 </label> </legend>
 <p><label>Name on card: <input name=clubname required></label></p>
 <p><label>Card number: <input name=clubnum required pattern="[-0-9]+"></label></p>
 <p><label>Expiry date: <input name=clubexp type=month></label></p>
</fieldset>

You can also nest fieldset elements. Here is an example expanding on the previous
one that does so:

<fieldset name="clubfields" disabled>
 <legend> <label>
  <input type=checkbox name=club onchange="form.clubfields.disabled = !checked">
  Use Club Card
 </label> </legend>
 <p><label>Name on card: <input name=clubname required></label></p>
 <fieldset name="numfields">
  <legend> <label>
   <input type=radio checked name=clubtype onchange="form.numfields.disabled = !checked">
   My card has numbers on it
  </label> </legend>
  <p><label>Card number: <input name=clubnum required pattern="[-0-9]+"></label></p>
 </fieldset>
 <fieldset name="letfields" disabled>
  <legend> <label>
   <input type=radio name=clubtype onchange="form.letfields.disabled = !checked">
   My card has letters on it
  </label> </legend>
  <p><label>Card code: <input name=clublet required pattern="[A-Za-z]+"></label></p>
 </fieldset>
</fieldset>

In this example, if the outer “Use Club Card” checkbox is not checked, everything inside the
outer fieldset, including the two radio buttons in the legends of the two nested
fieldsets, will be disabled. However, if the checkbox is checked, then the radio
buttons will both be enabled and will let you select which of the two inner
fieldsets is to be enabled.

This example shows a grouping of controls where the legend element both labels
the grouping, and the nested heading element surfaces the grouping in the document outline:

<fieldset>
 <legend> <h2>
  How can we best reach you?
 </h2> </legend>
 <p> <label>
 <input type=radio checked name=contact_pref>
  Phone
 </label> </p>
 <p> <label>
  <input type=radio name=contact_pref>
  Text
 </label> </p>
 <p> <label>
  <input type=radio name=contact_pref>
  Email
 </label> </p>
</fieldset>

4.10.16

The legend element

Element/legend

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

12.1+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

12.1+

HTMLLegendElement

Support in all current engines.

Firefox

Safari

Chrome

Opera

12.1+

Edge

79+

Edge (Legacy)

12+

Internet Explorer

Firefox Android

Safari iOS

Chrome Android

WebView Android

Samsung Internet

Opera Android

12.1+

The legend element represents a caption for the rest of the contents
of the legend element’s parent fieldset element, if
any.

legend.form: Returns the element’s form element, if any, or null otherwise.

The form IDL
attribute’s behavior depends on whether the legend element is in a
fieldset element or not. If the legend has a fieldset
element as its parent, then the form IDL attribute must
return the same value as the form IDL attribute on that
fieldset element. Otherwise, it must return null.

HTML Standard

HTML

mtoplist