Grid

The Material Design responsive layout grid adapts to screen size and orientation, ensuring consistency across layouts.

The grid creates visual consistency between layouts while allowing flexibility across a wide variety of designs.
Material Design’s responsive UI is based on a 12-column grid layout.

⚠️ The Grid component shouldn’t be confused with a data grid; it is closer to a layout grid. For a data grid head to the DataGrid component.

How it works

The grid system is implemented with the Grid component:

It uses CSS’s Flexible Box module for high flexibility.
There are two types of layout: containers and items.
Item widths are set in percentages, so they’re always fluid and sized relative to their parent element.
Items have padding to create the spacing between individual items.
There are five grid breakpoints: xs, sm, md, lg, and xl.
Integer values can be given to each breakpoint, indicating how many of the 12 available columns are occupied by the component when the viewport width satisfies the breakpoint constraints.

If you are new to or unfamiliar with flexbox, we encourage you to read this CSS-Tricks flexbox guide.

Fluid grids

Fluid grids use columns that scale and resize content. A fluid grid’s layout can use breakpoints to determine if the layout needs to change dramatically.

Basic grid

Column widths are integer values between 1 and 12; they apply at any breakpoint and indicate how many columns are occupied by the component.

A value given to a breakpoint applies to all the other breakpoints wider than it (unless overridden, as you can read later in this page). For example, xs={12} sizes a component to occupy the whole viewport width regardless of its size.

xs=8

xs=4

xs=8


<
Grid
 container
 spacing
=
{
2
}
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
8
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
8
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
4
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
4
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
4
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
4
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
8
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
8
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
</
Grid
>

Grid with multiple breakpoints

Components may have multiple widths defined, causing the layout to change at the defined breakpoint. Width values given to larger breakpoints override those given to smaller breakpoints.

For example, xs={12} sm={6} sizes a component to occupy half of the viewport width (6 columns) when viewport width is 600 or more pixels. For smaller viewports, the component fills all 12 available columns.

xs=6 md=8

xs=6 md=4

xs=6 md=8


<
Grid
 container
 spacing
=
{
2
}
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
6
}
 md
=
{
8
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
6
 md=
8
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
6
}
 md
=
{
4
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
6
 md=
4
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
6
}
 md
=
{
4
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
6
 md=
4
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
6
}
 md
=
{
8
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
6
 md=
8
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
</
Grid
>

Spacing

To control space between children, use the spacing prop.
The spacing value can be any positive number, including decimals and any string.
The prop is converted into a CSS property using the theme.spacing() helper.

spacing

0.5


<
Grid
 container
 spacing
=
{
2
}
>

Row & column spacing

The rowSpacing and columnSpacing props allow for specifying the row and column gaps independently.
It’s similar to the row-gap and column-gap properties of CSS Grid.


<
Grid
 container
 rowSpacing
=
{
1
}
 columnSpacing
=
{
{
 xs:
 1
,
 sm:
 2
,
 md:
 3
 }
}
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
6
}
>
    
<
Item
>
1
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
6
}
>
    
<
Item
>
2
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
6
}
>
    
<
Item
>
3
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
6
}
>
    
<
Item
>
4
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
</
Grid
>

Responsive values

You can switch the props’ value based on the active breakpoint.
For instance, we can implement the “recommended” responsive layout grid of Material Design.

xs=2


<
Grid
 container
 spacing
=
{
{
 xs:
 2
,
 md:
 3
 }
}
 columns
=
{
{
 xs:
 4
,
 sm:
 8
,
 md:
 12
 }
}
>
  {
Array.
from
(
Array
(
6
)
)
.
map
(
(
_,
 index)
 =>
 (
    
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
2
}
 sm
=
{
4
}
 md
=
{
4
}
 key
=
{
index}
>
      
<
Item
>
xs=
2
</
Item
>
    
</
Grid
>
  )
)
}
</
Grid
>

Responsive values is supported by:

columns
columnSpacing
direction
rowSpacing
spacing
all the other props of the system

⚠️ When using a responsive columns prop, each grid item needs its corresponding breakpoint.
For instance, this is not working. The grid item misses the value for md:


<
Grid
 container
 columns
=
{
{
 xs
:
 4
,
 md
:
 12
 }
}
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
2
}
 />
</
Grid
>

Interactive

Below is an interactive demo that lets you explore the visual results of the different settings:

Cell 1

Cell 2

Cell 3

direction

row

row-reverse

column

column-reverse

justifyContent

flex-start

center

flex-end

space-between

space-around

space-evenly

alignItems

flex-start

center

flex-end

stretch

baseline


<
Grid
  container
  direction
=
"
row"
  justifyContent
=
"
center"
  alignItems
=
"
center"
>

Auto-layout

The Auto-layout makes the items equitably share the available space.
That also means you can set the width of one item and the others will automatically resize around it.

xs=6


<
Grid
 container
 spacing
=
{
3
}
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
>
    
<
Item
>
xs
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
6
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
6
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
>
    
<
Item
>
xs
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
</
Grid
>

Variable width content

Set one of the size breakpoint props to "auto" instead of true / a number to size
a column based on the natural width of its content.

variable width content

xs=6


<
Grid
 container
 spacing
=
{
3
}
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
"
auto"
>
    
<
Item
>
variable width content
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
6
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
6
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
>
    
<
Item
>
xs
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
</
Grid
>

Complex Grid

The following demo doesn’t follow the Material Design guidelines, but illustrates how the grid can be used to build complex layouts.

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Nested Grid

The container and item props are two independent booleans; they can be combined to allow a Grid component to be both a flex container and child.

A flex container is the box generated by an element with a computed display of flex or inline-flex. In-flow children of a flex container are called flex items and are laid out using the flex layout model.

https://www.w3.org/TR/css-flexbox-1/#box-model

Item


<
Grid
 container
 spacing
=
{
1
}
>
  
<
Grid
 container
 item
 spacing
=
{
3
}
>
    
<
FormRow
 />
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 container
 item
 spacing
=
{
3
}
>
    
<
FormRow
 />
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 container
 item
 spacing
=
{
3
}
>
    
<
FormRow
 />
  
</
Grid
>
</
Grid
>

⚠️ Defining an explicit width to a Grid element that is flex container, flex item, and has spacing at the same time leads to unexpected behavior, avoid doing it:


<
Grid
 spacing
=
{
1
}
 container
 item
 xs
=
{
12
}
>

If you need to do such, remove one of the props.

Columns

You can change the default number of columns (12) with the columns prop.

xs=8


<
Grid
 container
 spacing
=
{
2
}
 columns
=
{
16
}
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
8
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
8
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
  
<
Grid
 item
 xs
=
{
8
}
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
8
</
Item
>
  
</
Grid
>
</
Grid
>

Limitations

Negative margin

The spacing between items is implemented with a negative margin. This might lead to unexpected behaviors. For instance, to apply a background color, you need to apply display: flex; to the parent.

white-space: nowrap

The initial setting on flex items is min-width: auto.
This causes a positioning conflict when children use white-space: nowrap;.
You can reproduce the issue with:


<
Grid
 item
 xs
>
  
<
Typography
 noWrap
>

In order for the item to stay within the container you need to set min-width: 0.
In practice, you can set the zeroMinWidth prop:


<
Grid
 item
 xs
 zeroMinWidth
>
  
<
Typography
 noWrap
>

Truncation should be conditionally applicable on this long line of text
as this is a much longer line than what the container can support.

direction: column | column-reverse

The xs, sm, md, lg, and xl props are not supported within direction="column" and direction="column-reverse" containers.

They define the number of grids the component will use for a given breakpoint. They are intended to control width using flex-basis in row containers but they will impact height in column containers.
If used, these props may have undesirable effects on the height of the Grid item elements.

CSS Grid Layout

The Grid component is using CSS flexbox internally.
But as seen below, you can easily use the system and CSS Grid to layout your pages.

xs=8

xs=4

xs=8


<
Box
 display
=
"
grid"
 gridTemplateColumns
=
"
repeat(12, 1fr)"
 gap
=
{
2
}
>
  
<
Box
 gridColumn
=
"
span 8"
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
8
</
Item
>
  
</
Box
>
  
<
Box
 gridColumn
=
"
span 4"
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
4
</
Item
>
  
</
Box
>
  
<
Box
 gridColumn
=
"
span 4"
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
4
</
Item
>
  
</
Box
>
  
<
Box
 gridColumn
=
"
span 8"
>
    
<
Item
>
xs=
8
</
Item
>
  
</
Box
>
</
Box
>

System props

As a CSS utility component, the Grid supports all system properties. You can use them as props directly on the component.
For instance, a padding:


<
Grid
 item
 p
=
{
2
}
>

React Grid component – Material UI

Grid

How it works

Fluid grids

Basic grid

Grid with multiple breakpoints

Spacing

Row & column spacing

Responsive values

Interactive

Auto-layout

Variable width content

Complex Grid

Nested Grid

Columns

Limitations

Negative margin

white-space: nowrap

direction: column | column-reverse

CSS Grid Layout

System props

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