What is Fillable Attribute in a Laravel model?

The fillable property is used inside the model. It takes care of defining which fields are to be considered when the user will insert or update data.

Only the fields marked as fillable are used in the mass assignment. This is done to avoid mass assignment data attacks when the user sends data from the HTTP request. So the data is matched with the fillable attributes before it is inserted into the table.

To understand fillable attributes let us create a model as shown below

php artisan make

model

Student

\xampp\htdocs\laraveltest

php artisan make

model

Student

Model

created successfully

\xampp\htdocs\laraveltest

Now let us create a studentController using command −

php artisan make

controller

StudentController

\xampp\htdocs\laraveltest

php artisan make

controller

StudentController

Controller

created successfully

\xampp\htdocs\laraveltest

The model class for student is as follows −


<?php
namespace
 App
\
Models;
use
 Illuminate
\
Database\
Eloquent\
Factories\
HasFactory;
use
 Illuminate
\
Database\
Eloquent\
Model;

class
 Student
 extends
 Model
 {
   use
 HasFactory
;
}

Let us add the fillable attribute with field names as shown below


<?php
namespace
 App
\
Models;
use
 Illuminate
\
Database\
Eloquent\
Factories\
HasFactory;
use
 Illuminate
\
Database\
Eloquent\
Model;

class
 Student
 extends
 Model
 {
   use
 HasFactory
;
   protected
 $fillable
 =
 [
'name'
,
'email'
,
'address'
]
;
}

Let us use the create method in StudentController as shown below −


<?php
namespace
 App
\
Http\
Controllers;
use
 Illuminate
\
Http\
Request;
use
 App
\
Models\
Student;

class
 StudentController
 extends
 Controller
 {
   public
 function
 index
(
)
 {
      echo
 $student
 =
 Student
::
create
(
[
         'name'
 =>
 'Rehan Khan'
,
         'email'
=>
'[email protected]'
,
         'address'
=>
'Xyz'
      ]
)
;
   }
}

On executing the above code it will display the following on the browser.

{"name":"Rehan Khan","email":"[email protected]","address":"Xyz","updated_at":"2022-05-01T13:49:50.000000Z","created_at":"2022-05-01T13:49:50.000000Z","id":2}

Inside the model it is mandatory to assign the field as either fillable or guarded. If not, following error will be generated –

Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\MassAssignmentException
Add(name) to fillable property to allow mass assignment on [App\Models\Student].
http://127.0.0.1.8000/test

What is Fillable Attribute in a Laravel model?

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